Week 7: Reading

Week 7: Resources

Required Readings:

Driscoll, M.P. (2000) Radical Behaviorism. Chapter 2 in Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Allyn & Bacon. Pages 31-70.

Saettler, P. (1990). Behaviorism and educational technology: 1950 - 1980. Ch. 10 in The Evolution of American Educational Technology (pp. 286 317). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.

Heinich, Molenda, Russell, & Smaldino. (2002). Excerpt from Ch. 2, Technologies for Learning. In Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning, 7th ed. Columbus OH: Merrill Prentice-Hall. Pages 42-47.

Foshay, R (July 2001). Is Behaviorism dead? Should HPT care? ISPI News & Notes, 1-2. And Brethower, D. (September 2001). Is Behaviorism dead? A response to Foshay. ISPI News & Notes, 1-2.

Optional Reading:

Skinner, B.F. (1954) The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review 24:1: 86-97.

Skinner, B.F. (1968). Why teachers fail. Chapter 5 in The Technology of Teaching. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.

Burton, John K., Moore, David M., and Magliaro, Susan G. (2004). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In David H. Jonassen (Ed.). Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, 2nd Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

For a look at a contemporary high-tech example of PSI see the Math Emporium at Virginia Tech: http://www.emporium.vt.edu/emporium/newVisitor/index.html

Engelmann, S. (1997). Direct instruction. In C.R. Dills & A.J. Romiszowski (Eds) Instructional Development Paradigms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, pp. 371-390.

Direct Instruction, also sometimes known as Programmed Teaching, is a template designed by Engelmann to implement operant conditioning principles in group instruction. Students are continuously actively engaged, and their performance is monitored by a teacher (instead of a machine) and appropriately reinforced. Still gaining adherents, Direct Instruction has consistently outperformed conventional instruction in side-by-side comparisons.

More information on Direct Instruction and schools in which it is used:
http://www.nifdi.org/
http://www.jefflindsay.com/EducData.shtml
http://www.catalyst-chicago.org/09-96/096main.htm#Variety
http://www.edisonschools.com/design/d15.html